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The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of the current surgical guideline, known as ‘24-12-6’ surgical guideline, in the Hispanic and European populations. This guideline is used during numerous orbital surgeries and states that the distance between the anterior lacrimal crest (ALC) to the anterior ethmoidal foramen (AEF) (24 mm), the AEF to the posterior ethmoidal foramen (PEF) (12 mm), and the PEF to the optic canal (OC) (6 mm) follows a Rule of Halves. Previous studies suggest this surgical guideline is not applicable for all ethnicities; however, to our knowledge, no data has been published regarding the accuracy of this guideline pertaining to the Hispanic population. An experimental study was performed on 79 orbits (52 cadavers) donated to the Human Anatomy Program at UT Health San Antonio. The ALC, AEF, posterior ethmoidal foramen, and OC were identified; the orbit was enucleated and all remaining soft tissue removed. The distance between each landmark was recorded using a digital caliper. For all cadavers studied, the distances between the ALC, AEF, posterior ethmoidal foramen, and OC were 24.76 mm, 13.89 mm, and 7.61 mm, respectively. Thus, the ‘24-12-6’ surgical guideline was not applicable to the sample studied. Based on ethnicity data, these relationships were also not true for the European or the Hispanic populations. Therefore, significant anatomical variations exist in the current surgical guideline. Clinicians may need to adjust their methodology during surgical procedures in order to optimize patient care.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of the current surgical guideline, known as ‘24-12-6’ surgical guideline, in the Hispanic and European populations. This guideline is used during numerous orbital surgeries and states that the distance between the anterior lacrimal crest (ALC) to the anterior ethmoidal foramen (AEF) (24 mm), the AEF to the posterior ethmoidal foramen (PEF) (12 mm), and the PEF to the optic canal (OC) (6 mm) follows a Rule of Halves. Previous studies suggest this surgical guideline is not applicable for all ethnicities; however, to our knowledge, no data has been published regarding the accuracy of this guideline pertaining to the Hispanic population. An experimental study was performed on 79 orbits (52 cadavers) donated to the Human Anatomy Program at UT Health San Antonio. The ALC, AEF, posterior ethmoidal foramen, and OC were identified; the orbit was enucleated and all remaining soft tissue removed. The distance between each landmark was recorded using a digital caliper. For all cadavers studied, the distances between the ALC, AEF, posterior ethmoidal foramen, and OC were 24.76 mm, 13.89 mm, and 7.61 mm, respectively. Thus, the ‘24-12-6’ surgical guideline was not applicable to the sample studied. Based on ethnicity data, these relationships were also not true for the European or the Hispanic populations. Therefore, significant anatomical variations exist in the current surgical guideline. Clinicians may need to adjust their methodology during surgical procedures in order to optimize patient care.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The rise in healthcare costs, population and technology development has led to an increased demand to consider productivity issue in hospitals and other medical centers to provide, preserve and promote public health services. The aim of this study was to analysis the productivity in hospitals affiliated to Iran and Tehran universities of medical sciences
Methods: In this study, partial and marginal productivity of each factor of production, as well as the total factor productivity changes of hospitals affiliated to Iran and Tehran universities of medical sciences were calculated using Kendrick-Kerimer and Malmquist indexes in 2006-2011
Results: The average total of productivity changes was 1.012 which implies a decrease in productivity during the study. The rate of reduction was 1.2, mostly affected by technological efficiency changes compared with other factors. Scale efficiency changes, managerial efficiency and technical efficiency were the next effective factors. Total productivity, checked with Kendrick-Kerimer index, was affected by productivity of active bed input
Conclusion: Lack of knowledge on the part of hospital staff concerning the proper use of technology in patients' treatment is the main cause of productivity loss caused by technological changes in these hospitals. Therefore, it is recommended to hold training courses for staff on the correct use of technology in diagnosis and taking care of patients
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Consequences of implementing hospital information systems have led to a failure in meeting decision makers' expectations on the one hand and a failure in successful execution of the process on the other hand. This study aimed to evaluate physicians' perspective in regards to the efficiency, benefits and complexities of using hospital information systems in public hospitals of Urmia
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study. Stratified random sampling was used for sample selection. Data collection was conducted via a questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square tests were applied to analyze the assumptions and objectives
Results: The finding of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the expected performance of HIS and familiarity with information technology [p=0.000] and age [p=0.008]. There was also a significant relationship between the expected performance of HIS and age. The findings showed a significant relationship between the complexities emerging from the use of HIS and familiarity with information technology [p = 0.000] and age [p = 0.049]
Conclusion: Due to physicians' key role in medical procedures and the importance of adopting information systems, familiarity with information technology is crucial. To have optimal use of information technology in hospitals, training courses for physicians are suggested
ABSTRACT
Cercarial dermatitis [CD] or swimmer's itch | is a hypersensitive reaction to the skin penetration of avian and herbivorous schistosomes, esp. genus Trichobilharzia. Owing to presence of both intermediate and final host of this parasite in North of Iran, we aimed at determining the prevalence of CD among paddy-field workers in central areas of Mazandaran Province. To perform this descriptive-cross sectional study, we refer to bird refuges of migrating water and Paddy-field around man-made ponds of Babol, Sari, Ghaemshahr and Savadkoh districts. The Hand and foot of the farmers were examined clinically for detection of infected people and their signs and symptoms were recorded on a sheet of paper. Based on the results, 77.5% of the workers suffer from CD. All of them are males and the majority of them are indigenous. High prevalence of Cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers led to a health dilemma. Thus, by increasing awareness of farmers, implementing suitable approaches, controlling the disease and sanitizing the contaminated areas can promote health situation
ABSTRACT
Intestinal parasites, esp. giardiasis are the most common gastrointestinal infection disorders in the world, especially in north of Iran. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections in the stool samples of the people living in the central areas of Mazandaran province. In this descriptive study, 4223 human fecal samples were randomly collected from different areas in different seasons in the central regions of Mazandaran province, from Oct 2009 to Sept 2010. The Samples were assessed by direct smear and formalin-ether method. We analyzed the data by using Chi-square and T test. Of 4223 stool samples, 75 [17.9%] have at least one type of parasite. The rate of infection with intestinal protozoa is 15.9% including 8.1% with B. Hominis, 6.4% with G. lamblia, and 1.9% with intestinal worms [S. stercolaris and Strongyloides larvae] .The prevalence rate is 6.1% in rural, 5.9% in urban and 5.8% in mountainous areas. Considering the seasons, the prevalence in the urban area in summer [4/39%], rural area in spring [32%] and mountainous area in fall [28%] are reported. Statistically no significant differences between different regions and seasons have been observed [P> 0.05]. Based on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, especially in the central part of Mazandaran province in different seasons, early diagnosis and treatment of the patients and public health promotion could be effective to prevent and control these infections in north of Iran
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to assess and compare the quantity and quality of Iranian and Turkish researchers working in the field of Parasitology from bibliometric point of view. To assess the contributions and achievements of the Iranian and Turkish parasitologists, bibliometric analysis was carried out based on the citation data retrieved from Web of Science. The absolute productivity of Turkish and Iranian parasitologists' papers has almost tripled for Turkey, from 12 papers in 2002 to 36 papers in 2011, and decuple for Iran, from 10 papers to 123 from 2002 to 2010. The average number of citation per article is about 5.8 and 4 for Turkish and Iranian parasitologists' papers, respectively. The "Veterinary Parasitology" journal was the most cited journal in both countries. The majority [more than 90%] of cited items was foreign journal articles and one half of all references in journals articles dated 11 and 12 years while one half of cited books was dated within 14 to16 years for Turkish and Iranian papers, respectively. Based on observed data and applied model, it is anticipated that the total number of Iranian and Turkish parasitologists' publications in Web of Science will exceed of 2512 and 240 articles per annum for Iranian and Turkish in 2020, respectively.
Subject(s)
Research , BibliometricsABSTRACT
The recognition of economics of hospitals, as integral and costly components of health care systems, is vital for assessing their efficiency and the factors affecting them. The study through Data Envelopment Analysis [DEA] aimed to determine the efficiency of selected hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. This was a descriptive-analytic [cross-sectional and retrospective] study conducted in 2009. Input variables included the number of active beds, doctors and other personnel and output variables encompassed outpatients' admission and occupied day-bed. The data were analyzed through DEA method and Deap [2.1] software with variable return to scale assumption. Slack and radial movements, the efficiency of the hospitals and the excessive use of inputs were determined. The mean scores of technical, managerial and scale efficiency of the hospitals were 0.584, 0.782 and 0.771, respectively. Four hospitals enjoyed the maximum technical efficiency [1]. The capacity of efficiency enhancement was about 41.5% without any increase in costs, applying the same amount of inputs. A decrease of surplus production factor based on the results of DEA can lead to a reduction in expenditures. In hospitals with technical efficiency of less than one, the original and projected values of inputs were different and had a surplus. It is suggested that hospitals decrease their surplus from original values to achieve the expected optimal performance. The results could be applied in hospitals as a benchmark for decision making about resource allocation, controlling and improving hospital performance
Subject(s)
Efficiency , Hospitals , Statistics as Topic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The case was an 18-year-old female with progressive crampy abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, initiated from 4 months ago, Who had 4-5 Kg weight loss in this period. In physical examination, an ill-defined mass with mild tenderness in periumblical region palpation was detected. In upper GI endoscopy, bulging folds with a necrotic mass in D2- D3 were detected. In small bowel series study, cut off of barium in D2-D3 portions was seen. For better evaluation spiral CT was performedin which a large mass with extension to small bowel in retroperitoneum was seen. In Pathologic study, classification granuloma compatible with tuberculosis was reported. This finding was confirmed with Ziel Neelsen staining and PCR